Online Video - Creating new programming
(above: Richard Hayley Lever, Winter, St. Ives, c. 1914, oil on canvas, 40 x 50 inches, Brooklyn Museum, Caroline H. Polhemus Fund. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons*)
Technical considerations:
Marc Bretzfelder of Smithsonian TV spoke with TFAO in April 2005 and shared tips on employing video to record lectures. Marc said that to produce an engaging video the production should emulate the way the an individual experiences a live event such as a lecture accompanied by slides. A viewer in the audience typically looks at the speaker until a new slide is projected. Then the viewer looks at the slide long enough to capture the information from the slide. After the slide content is absorbed, the viewer shifts attention back to the speaker until the next slide is presented or the lecturer points out a detail within the slide.
To enable a recording of slide lectures mimicking the viewer's live experience, Marc found that simultaneously using two cameras with live mixing is sufficient. One camera is focused on the speaker and the other camera has locked focus on, and white balance set for, the screen where the slides will be shown. Live mixing is used to switch between the lecturer and the screen. The two camera, switcher, record deck configuration can be successfully managed by one person with experience using video equipment.
For equipment, he recommended the purchase of two high
quality digital cameras in the $2,500 per camera price range.[1] In addition,
a video mixer ($2,500 
- $3,000 price range) is needed
such as the MX-Pro DV by Videonics, [2] providing firewire input and output.
Also, a $300 consumer video camera is required to act as a record deck,
capturing the mixed video produced by the video switcher. After the taping,
the tape is encoded and streamed by Smithsonian TV. Marc said that a producer
may additionally wish to concurrently make a DVD -- alongside the taping
-- with a $250-350 consumer quality recorder. He found that lecturers appreciate
the courtesy of receiving a copy of a DVD made of the lecture. (right: image
of MX-Pro DV by Videonics)
Mixing is performed live, avoiding post production time. Audio input is provided by the staff operating the sound system in the lecture hall.[3] Marc found that using illustrated audio (synchronizing digital slide images with sound clips) takes about 4 hours of post-production editing to every hour of lecture time, which discourages staff from using the illustrated audio approach.
From time to time Marc coaches staff from individual Smithsonian museums how to record lectures and provides suggestions to them on equipment needed. [4]
Example of a Smithsonian TV dual camera video:
On November 10, 2004 Alexander Nemerov gave a one hour illustrated slide lecture titled "Childhood Imagination:The Case of N. C. Wyeth and Robert Louis Stevenson." This lecture was part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Clarice Smith Lecture Series. Dr. Nemerov is professor of art history at Yale University. He has written extensively on American art history, including the books Frederic Remington and Turn-of-the-Century America and The Body of Raphaelle Peale: Still Life and Selfhood, 18121824.
Notes:
1. According to cnet.com a business-quality
digital camcorder of sufficient quality to record lectures should have these
features:
An example of a camcorder with these features is the Panasonic AG-DVX100A, shown above left.
Due to the advent of HDTV, museums may
wish to purchase HD camcorders featuring wide-aspect viewing. These camcorders
let museums capture widescreen (16:9) high-definition (HDV 720p and 1080i)
video, offering superb video, with unprecedented clarity, color quality
and image detail. (left: image of entry level Sony HDR-FX1 high definition
camcorder with three-chip HD images; native 16:9 capture, which offers recording
of high-definition video on MiniDV cassettes )
HD can be edited by software such as iMovie HD from Apple Computer. iMovie HD supports MPEG-4, iSight, Widescreen, and DV. Videographers have advised TFAO that rendering raw HD tapes into other formats is more time consuming and difficult than working with a standard definition tape.
2. Smithsonian TV's Marc Bretzfelder advises that there is an upgrade mixer available, the MX-4 DV, which "has the benefit of allowing up to 12 simultaneous inputs, 4 DV, 4 S-Video and 4 composite. It still has the same small and portable form factor. It also will accept and store jpegs, allowing one to preproduce Opening Titles and credits, and probably superimpose speaker's names, but I am not certain about that."
3. If audio is not supplied by the lecture hall or if video is being shot elsewhere, care needs to be taken in producing acceptable audio quality. C/net's camcorder buying guide has a relevant section titled "How do I get good sound."
4. In TFAO's examples of online
video, improper lighting has often resulted in poor picture quality.
Care must be taken to position lighting for acceptable results. In auditoriums
being used for slide show lectures, ambient lighting can dull projected
images. Ways of reducing this effect include: placement of screen as far
as possible from an illuminated lectern, 
illuminating
the lectern only when camera is switched to speaker, and placement of screen
in front of lectern. Endorphin Productions provides these examples of adequate
lighting: (right: Smith Victor KT900 3-Light 1250-Watt Thrifty Mini-Boom
Kit with Light Cart on Wheels Carrying Case)
Another way of achieving high quality online renditions of art being shown on a movie screen is explained in TFAO's Project Checklist. Insertion of still images during scene editing may produce a much better rendition of on-screen images than achievable through filming the screen itself.
(above: Frank Xavier Leyendecker, The Flapper, Life Magazine cover, 2 February, 1922. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons*)
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rev. 9/22/05
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